Enhanced iris recognition: Algorithms for segmentation, matching and synthesis

This thesis addresses the issues of segmentation, matching, fusion and synthesis in the context of irises and makes a four-fold contribution. The first contribution of this thesis is a post matching algorithm that observes the structure of the differences in feature templates to enhance recognition accuracy. The significance of the scheme is its robustness to inaccuracies in the iris segmentation process. Experimental results on the CASIA database indicate the efficacy of the proposed technique. The second contribution of this thesis is a novel iris segmentation scheme that employs Geodesic Active Contours to extract the iris from the surrounding structures. The proposed scheme elicits the iris texture in an iterative fashion depending upon both the local and global conditions of the image. The performance of an iris recognition algorithm on both the WVU non-ideal and CASIA iris database is observed to improve upon application of the proposed segmentation algorithm. The third contribution of this thesis is the fusion of multiple instances of the same iris and multiple iris units of the eye, i.e., the left and right iris at the match score level. Using simple sum rule, it is demonstrated that both multi-instance and multi-unit fusion of iris can lead to a significant improvement in matching accuracy. The final contribution is a technique to create a large database of digital renditions of iris images that can be used to evaluate the performance of iris recognition algorithms. This scheme is implemented in two stages. In the first stage, a Markov Random Field model is used to generate a background texture representing the global iris appearance. In the next stage a variety of iris features, viz., radial and concentric furrows, collarette and crypts, are generated and embedded in the texture field. Experimental results confirm the validity of the synthetic irises generated using this technique

Co-operative location updates for mobile nodes for cellular networks

In current pure cellular networks, each and every mobile node updates it\u27s location to the particular base station separately following certain algorithms, say timer based, mobility based or both. For the next generation wireless networks, which we can consider as a highly dense network, such location update algorithms prove to be very costly in the terms of overall location update traffic to the base station and average battery usage by each mobile node for location updates due to large number of mobile nodes for particular base station area. Instead of using such one-to-one link for location updates, this report describes a new algorithm called \u27Co-operative Location Updates\u27 - in which many mobile nodes give their location details to one neighboring node and that node gives information to the base station. In this way, the traffic congestion to the base station due to location updates can be reduced drastically and also at the same time the average battery power used by the mobiles for location updates can be increased. Finally the work is proved by showing view graphs in the results section

Localization of Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) in the Brains of Apis mellifera (European Honey Bees)

The purpose of the current research project is to design a successful in-situ hybridization to identify regions within the brains of honeybees where DWV replicates. The localization of the virus in the brains of the bees can draw a connection between CCDand DWV.In conclusion, these results demonstrate that in bees infected with DWV the virus replicates actively in very important regions of the brain, including neuropils that are responsible for vision and olfaction. This means that the virus could adversely affect the vision and olfaction of the honeybees making it difficult for bees to behave normally

SYNTHESIS OF FLAVONES FROM 2-HYDROXY ACETOPHENONE AND AROMATIC ALDEHYDE DERIVATIVES BY CONVENTIONAL METHODS AND GREEN CHEMISTRY APPROACH

Objective: Flavones occupy a special place in the realm of natural and synthetic organic chemistry owing to their diversified biological activities. In this study, a series of chalcone derivatives were synthesized and after cyclization of chalcone to synthesized various substituted flavone derivatives (2A-2L). 2 Methods: The reaction of 2-hydroxy acetophenone with substituted aromatic aldehydes produced chalcone by trituration (NaOH) and conventional methods (KOH/EtOH), which upon further cyclization with dimethyl sulfoxide/I  resulted to form flavone derivatives.Results: The purity of compounds was ascertained by melting point and thin-layer chromatography. The synthesized compounds have been characterized by mass, infrared, and1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysis.Conclusion: Based on spectral data, it was proved that all synthesized chalcones and flavones derivatives meet the standard values of various spectral techniques and further it will be evaluated for pharmacological activities.Keywords: Chalcone, Flavone, Trituration, Conventional, Claisen-Schmidt condensation

Verification of AHB Protocol for AHB-Wishbon Bridge using SystemVerilog

Verification is the process to demonstrate the functional correctness of design and checks that a product or system meets a set of design specifications. This paper implements is a novel approach to enable data transfer between two different bus architectures, AHB and WISHBONE which have different functionalities and characteristics. The coding for this module is designed in the SystemVerilog HDL and simulated in Questa Sim 10.0b. The Communication is done with AHB as Master and WISHBONE as Slave, hence, achieve error free data transfer between the two different bus architectures. The DUT has been verified for all possible test cases. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15056

Clinico-pathological characteristics of colorectal carcinoma at university teaching hospital, Nepal

Introductions: Colorectal cancer is a major health problem in developingcountries. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinico-pathologicalcharacteristics of colorectal carcinoma at Patan hospital, Nepal.Methods: A retrospective chart review was done for patients operatedfor colorectal carcinoma at Patan Hospital from May 2004 to April 2012.Demographic information, chief complains, site of primary cancer, andhistological types were analyzed.Results: There were 73 patients (37 males and 36 females) with colorectalcarcinoma. The mean age was 52 years. There were 21 (28.77%) patients below 40 years of age. Patients with rectal carcinoma presented with bleeding per rectum in 69.70% and 60% of patients with colon cancer presented with pain abdomen. Rectum was involved in 31 (42.47%) and right colon in 30 (41.10%). Adenocarcinoma was seen in 72 (98.63%).Conclusions: The colorectal carcinoma is not only the disease of old age. Wehad 29% of our patients below 40 year. Rectum and right colon were equallyaffected.Keywords: bleeding, colorectal carcinoma, pain abdome

A Prospective Analysis of Sources of Referral to a Student Run Free Clinic in Camden, NJ

Background: A center for learning and a haven for minority, marginalized, and medically indigent patients, the student run free clinic (SRFC) has emerged as a cornerstone of care at many academic medical centers (AMC). However, little is known regarding the demographics of patients who utilize SRFC and the manner in which they come to know of the free and quality care available at SRFC . Methods: Participants were administered a survey wherein they were asked their ethnicity, how they came to know of the clinic, and how long they have remained a patient at the Cooper Rowan Clinic (CRC) – the SRFC of Cooper Medical School in Camden, NJ. Results: One hundred and seventy-five patients participated in this survey of which 77% identified as Hispanic, 16% identified as African American, 6% identified as white, and 1% identified as Asian. Participants came to know of the clinic predominantly by word of mouth (64%). Other sources of referral included discharges from the AMC’s university hospital (10%), AMC outpatient specialists (9%), the AMC emergency department (8%), the local cancer screening initiative (6%), and an AMC under-insured program (3%). A majority of patients (57%) reported being patients of the clinic for \u3e1 year, while 43% reported being patients foryear. Conclusions: This data suggests that the predominantly Hispanic population of the CRC came to know of it via word of mouth and remained patients upon initiating care